The Role Of Women During The Civil War - 1595 Words

The role of women in the work force has been disputed in American since the end of World War II where women were needed in the workforce. It was not till fairly recently have women begun to work in American society. In 1963 the first policy regarding equal pay was introduced opening the gate from other policies, such as Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 and the Family Medical Leave Act of 1993. However, women are still being undermined in the work force with the wage gap between women and men. Many argue that a wage gap does exist where women are working hard but getting payed less leading to poverty. On the other hand, others argue that the wage gap is merle a myth and is impractical in today s society. Contributing factors like†¦show more content†¦Lawyers Maria Lewis and DeMaris Trapp from the article â€Å"She works hard for less money† argues that women are paid less because of their gender and are paid less than their male counterparts. They both focused on t he need for legal action to bring the wage gap to a close. Zsuza Daczo on the other hand fuses both Perry and Lewis and Trapp’s argument in his thesis â€Å"Wage inequality and the gender wage gap: are American women swimming upstream?†. He does acknowledge that there does seem to be discrimination against women, however, mentions society as the cause of the wage gap. The 4 authors, all brought up different perceptive, but Daczo who does an effective job by using various research. In the thesis â€Å"Wage inequality and the gender wage gap: are American women swimming upstream?† by Daczo shines light on the wage gap in relation to gender. The paper is split up in different sections separated by titles. He starts with the gender wage gap section opening up the argument that women are having higher education but the wage gap still exists. â€Å"Women have been continuously upgrading their human capital, bringing it closer to the educational distribution that men in the workforce have, yet women’s wages have not been coming much closer to men’s wages in recent years.† Women in today’s world are staying in school longer but they still do not earn the same wage as men. Daczo does an excellent

Kant s Good Will Theory - 1219 Words

Sofia Hughes 817212455 Philosophy 330 Philosophy 330: Major Exam #1 A. According to Kant’s Good Will theory, â€Å"good will† means to act out of an overarching sense of duty and rightness. In order for an action to be borne of good will, it must be done solely because it is the right thing to do, and not because of the results that the action will bring. The only thing, Kant says, that is good without qualification is good will itself. In order for something to be good without qualification, it must be good on every occasion that it is used. Kant supplies three categories of things that are good, but only with qualification: talents of the mind, qualities of temperament, and gifts of fortune or nature. These three categories can only be good when they are had in conjunction with good will. The will is only good through its motives and intentions. B. Kant’s categorical imperative, put simply, is something that must be done. It is a law in itself, and is necessary and unequivocal. It is to be treated as law by all people independent of the desires of the individual, and must be done. This is different from the hypothetical imperative in that the hypothetical imperative is an action done to bring about a specific outcome, and is specific only to the individual who desires that outcome. The categorical imperative applies to all people and must be done regardless of the outcome. For Kant, the moral imperative is the categorical imperative, because it can be applied to a person’sShow MoreRelatedKant s Good Will Theory1219 Words   |  5 Pages According to Kant’s Good Will theory, â€Å"good will† means to act out of an overarching sense of duty and rightness. In order for an action to be borne of good will, it must be done solely because it is the right thing to do, and not because of the results that the action will bring. The only thing, Kant says, that is good without qualification is good will itself. In order for something to be good without qualification, it must be good on every occasion that it is used. Kant supplies three categoriesRead More Ethical and Philosophical Questions about Value and Obligation977 Words   |  4 PagesEthical and Philosophical Questions about Value and Obligation I Recall the distinction between metaethics and normative ethics. Normative ethics deals with substantial ethical issues, such as, What is intrinsically good? What are our moral obligations? Metaethics deals with philosophical issues about ethics: What is value or moral obligation? Are there ethical facts? What sort of objectivity is possible in ethics? How can we have ethical knowledge? Recall, also, the fundamentalRead MoreKant s Theory Of Morality982 Words   |  4 PagesImmanuel Kant is said by many to be one of the most influential â€Å"thinkers† in the history of Western philosophy (McCormick, n.d.), this being said, most of his theories continue to be taught and are highly respected by society. Kant was a firm believer that the morality of any action can be assessed by the motivation behind it (McCormick, n.d.). In other words, if an action is good but the intention behind the action is not good, the action itself would be considered immoral. Those who follow theRead MoreKant s Theory Of Moral Theory1466 Words   |  6 Pagessince Kant s publication of his renowned ethical treatises, deontologists and utilitarians alike have argued over which moral theory is most coherent. Yet, in Mill s critique of Kant, Mill sidesteps this issue, not by directly critiquing Kant s moral theory, but rather by asserting that Kant s moral theory is actually just a for m of utilitarianism. Essentially, Kant s universal law test is nothing more than a veiled appeal to consequences, as Mill correctly claims in his critique of Kant. AfterRead MoreKantian Ethics1459 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals that have a major impact on one`s life. The teachings usually start from a young age through parents, caregivers and educators in society. Due to their influence on young children`s lives it is their responsibility to make certain that young children will learn to make logical decisions that would contribute in a positive way in society. An ethical theory that would best describe people that influence young children would be Kantian`s ethics. His ethical theory elucidates that morality is when weRead MoreKant And John Stuart Mill s Utility Based, Utilitarian Moral Theory1551 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most intriguing aspects of moral theory is not merely analyzing disagreements between renowned, intellectual giants, but examining the ways in which near polar ideologies can arise to similar conclusions based on vastly different rationales. Immanuel Kant s duty-based, deontological moral theory and John Stuart Mi ll s utility-based, utilitarian moral theory are prime examples of antithetical viewpoints that share similar outlooks to ethical subjects such as lying and helping those inRead MoreWhat Has Posterity Ever Done For Me By Robert Heilbroner1626 Words   |  7 Pagesregards to preserving the planet. In this paper, I will present Heilbroner s arguments for posterity, in relation to how we treat our environment. In addition, I will compare two ethical theories, Kant s Categorical Imperative to Mill s theory of Utilitarianism. I will then argue as to why Utilitarianism is more plausible in respect to Heilbroner s environmental view on posterity. Furthermore, I will point out why Kantian theory does not at all support the idea of environmental preservation for futureRead MoreThe Ethics Of Non Voluntary Active Euthanasia1050 Words   |  5 Pagesduty and obligation. A medical professional in such situations have an obligation to fulfill the patient s wishes. The nature of their obligation does not sway based on what they personally think. Patients with dementia have some moments of clarity, but because their brains are still deteriorating, non- voluntary active euthanasia should still be permissible under these conditions. In the theory of deontology, it is defined as â€Å"the focus on the duties and obligations one has in carrying out actionsRead MoreThe Moral Value Of Ethics1261 Words   |  6 PagesDeontology Of the many theories non-consequentialism produces, one is called Deontology. This theory states the only way to complete a moral action is by doing ones duty. In Deontology, the end result is irrelevant meaning bad consequences have no affect on the morality of the action. The thesis I will prove is when deciding on the best course of action the principles of Deontology ethics and their emphasis on considerations of doing ones duty, offer effective framework for the moral value ofRead MoreEssay on Immanuel Kant’s Non- consequentialist Ethical Theory 1369 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction According to Immanuel Kant the driving force behind our actions should be dictated by what is inherently good as sole consideration and not be based upon the effects of what such actions may produce such as the case in the consequentialist theory of cause. In this essay Kant’s ethical non-consequentialist theory will be briefly investigated and a comparison drawn between the two different theories in order to establish merit in employment thereof in practice. 2. Kantian Morality Central

Budgeting Commercial & Industrial Era

Question: Write about theBudgetingfor Commercial Industrial Era. Answer: Relevance of Budgeting the Modern Commercial Industrial Era In a time of changes in the modern management, where the autonomy and responsibility of the companies increases, the decision making demands pressure and speed, and therefore the factor of prediction and control of the budgets is of vital importance like an efficient administrative tool. It is for this purpose that this work is born on the elaboration and management of the commercial budget to face the future challenges of the current administration. In most companies the barrier is not to ignore the importance of the elaboration and control of the commercial budget, but to ignore how to do it, and even when it is done, not to take advantage of the advantages that would evidently give as an element of planning and control expressed in financial economic terms within the framework of a strategic plan(Drury, 2011). The design of a procedure for the elaboration and control of a commercial budget will contribute to the correct elaboration and control of the same in the company. The following are some of the other relevancies of budgeting in commercial era. It facilitates efficiency and control within the operation and requires cooperation between all departments of the company, motivating management to focus on defining the objectives(Patel, 2012). It alsopromotes standardization and control in the flow of information while reducing uncertainty which means a continuous improvement challenge for the executives within the company. This document deals with the different types of budgets within the business environment, as well as other generalities of this administrative tool vital for current decision making and for the future challenges of business management since budgets arise from planning, One of the stages of the administrative process, and help formulate strategies and policies associated with the different forecasts of current business(Sagar, 2009) Budget Programming Process: Critical Analysis and Recommendations This innovation generates a period of deep analysis and understanding of costs, promotes the need to budget and program and promotes technicality, group work and decision making based on comprehensive cost study and evaluation( Crosson and Needles, 2007). The role played by budgets is highlighted by prestigious modern writers who point to the vitality of prognoses related to cash management. References Crosson, S and Needles, B,. (2007) Managerial accounting, Cengage learning, USA Drury, C. (2011). Cost and management accounting. 1st ed. Andover, Hampshire, UK: South-Western Cengage Learning. Patel, B,. (2012) Project management, edition 2nd, Vikas publications, India Sagar, R,. (2009) Tulsians Isc Accountancy XII, edition 5th, Ratna sagar, India

Lectio Divina (Genesis 18 1

Interpretation Based On Secondary Sources Abraham is a man who was patiently waiting for God’s promise. The promise of a son is given in genesis 12 and scholars indicate that he had to wait for 25 years before the promise was fulfilled by God. As argued by Brown, Fitzmyer and Murphy (21), the eighteenth chapter marks the beginning of a climax in Abraham’s narrative. Genesis 18: 1-5 is the first section of a broader picture presented in the whole of genesis 18. This first section focuses on Abraham and his encounter with two men while the rest of the chapter focuses Sara’s place in relation to the promise they had been given by God.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Lectio Divina (Genesis 18: 1- 5) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although verses 1-5 of Genesis 18 seem to focus on Abraham’s generosity, they have a connection to the larger text. These verses seem to be mere introductions t o the bigger story beginning from verse 9 onwards (Montgomery, 15). However, on further reflection on the text, interpreting them merely as stage setting or introductory verses proves limited. The generosity expressed by Abraham is typical of the hospitality norm that pervaded Middle East societies (Montgomery, 15). Although it was cultural to be hospitable, Abraham seems to go overboard in his welcome. The lavish attitude towards strangers portrays a man who is keen on not just being culturally right but a blessing to others. Scholars suggest that this has some touch of the promise by God that he would be a blessing to the nations. The men are three which alludes to the trinity (Montgomery, 9). Whether they are all angels or God is represented in the person of one of them is not clear. What is more crucial to note is that Abraham and Sara do not initially connect the presence of the three men with the presence of God. It is only later that they are able to connect the words of the three men with God. This is a pointer to the larger theological fact that our encounter with God happens in the basic mundane things of daily living. It is in our daily events, activities and encounters that we experience or encounter God. In the context of the promise they had been given by God, they challenge Abraham and Sara faced was how to continue believing and holding to it in their rather ordinary lives (Montgomery, 13). Nothing out of the ordinary was happening yet in the ordinary they had to recognize and acknowledge God’s sustaining presence and unfailing promise. The final element worthy considering is the identity of the three men. It is only later that they are defined as angels (Brown, Fitzmyer and Murphy, 20). When Abraham sees them, they are ordinary men who in a way needed Abraham’s help. This is also a great pointer that others or fellow men are and should be God’s face to us and among us. Fellow men in essence can be rightly referred to as me ssengers of God. Personal Interpretation Following from my lectio divina exercise and the interpretation given above, it is clear that although the reading falls in the larger picture of the promise to Abraham and how it comes to be fulfilled, the Genesis 18: 1-5 has a lot to teach us about encounter with God. We live in a socio-cultural atmosphere that questions the presence and promises of God. Personally I think Abraham also had such like a struggle. God had promised him a child. God had promised him that he was to be the father of nations, a blessing to many nations. However, the reality he was living was that of ordinariness.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The passage states that he was sitting outside on a hot sunny day. This gives a picture of a very rough day. Many people would not find a hot sunny day comfortable. This statement must have an allusion to conditions o f living. It is an indicator to some rough conditions of life occasioned by the weather. This is an indicator that Abraham lived the ordinary conditions of living that were characterized by struggles and hardship. Abraham meets three ordinary men and treats them with reverence and honor. Although Abraham treats the men impeccably, this also was an ordinary happening based on generally accepted cultural norms. What is critical is the fact that it is from these ordinary happenings that Abraham experiences an encounter with God. It is, therefore, valid to infer that God comes and has always come to his people in the ordinary happenings or order of daily living. However, to experience and discern God’s presence, one needs a given disposition. The approach of Abraham to the ordinary is characterized respect, humility and honor. He approached the men and with his face touching down welcomed them. Such an approach is only possible or enabled by a given disposition. From the foregoin g analysis, it would appear valid to conclude that the major theme of Genesis 18: 1-5 is encountering the mystery of God’s presence in the ordinariness of our lives. Works Cited Brown Raymond Edward, Fitzmyer A. Joseph, Murphy, Roland, Edmund. The New Jerome biblical commentary. 3rd Ed. New York: Prentice Hall, 1999 Catholic Online Bible. New Jerusalem bible. Retrieved from https://www.catholic.org/bible/ Montgomery M. Robert. An introduction to source analysis of the Pentateuch. Montreal: Abingdon Press, 2008 This essay on Lectio Divina (Genesis 18: 1- 5) was written and submitted by user Saracen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Avian Influenza and Humans H5N1 Essay Example

Avian Influenza and Humans H5N1 Essay Example Avian Influenza and Humans H5N1 Paper Avian Influenza and Humans H5N1 Paper Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are three types of influenza virus: A, B, and C. Type A strains are broken down further into low pathogenic (LPAI) and highly pathogenic (HPAI).   Some HPAI viruses, such as H5N1, resulted in mild human infections and in some cases, have been fatal.   An â€Å"H5N1† virus has an HA 5 protein and a NA 1 protein.   There are sixteen known HA subtypes and nine known NA subtypes.   There are many combinations of HA and NA proteins that are possible. Only influenza A viruses and all its known subtypes infect birds.   Influenza A H5 affects both human and birds.   There are nine, potential subtypes of H5 known.   â€Å"H5 infections, such as HPAI H5N1 viruses currently circulating in Asia and Europe, have been documented among humans and sometimes cause severe illness or death† (CDC, 2).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 2006, a new strain of H5N1 bird flu appeared in China.   It affected three times as many Chinese poultry than it did the previous year.   Researchers say that it is a new â€Å"Fujian-like† strain of virus that came from a duck in Fujian, China in 2005 (MacKenzie, 1).   The rate of poultry infections jumped from 3 percent in 2005 to 95 percent by 2006.   Vaccine-induced antibodies did not recognize this new Fujian virus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 2008, a new strain of H5N1 was detected in Nigeria for the first time.   It was found to be different from the strains that were circulating in 2006 and 2007 (Stackyard, 1).   The new strain was similar to the strains identified in Italy, Afghanistan, and Iran in 2007.   â€Å"Influenza viruses constantly mutate, however, and vaccines are most effective against the highly specific strains that they are made from† (Bardi, 1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A team of scientist at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), which is a part of the National Institute of Health (NIH), report that it is possible to prepare vaccines and therapeutics to target a future mutant strain of H5N1. â€Å"This advance was made possible by creating mutations in the regions of the H5N1 hemagglutinin (HA) protein that directs the virus to bird or human cells and eliciting antibodies to it† (Bardi, 1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   New strains appear and replace older strains.   When a new strain of virus emerges, antibody protection that may have developed after infection or vaccination with an older strain may not provide protection against the new strain.   For this reason, the influenza vaccine must be updated yearly. References Bardi, Jason Socrates.   NIH Scientists Target Future Pandemic Strains of H5N1 Avian Influenza. Retrieved March 12, 2009 from nih.gov/news/pr/aug2007/niaid-09.htm. Centers for Disease Control. Influenza Viruses. Retrieved March 12, 2009 from cdc.gov. MacKenzie, Debora. New Strain of H5N1 Bird Flu Emerges in China. Retrieved March 12, 2009 from newscientist.com. Stackyard, Via.   Nigeria:   A New Strain of H5N1.   Retrieved March 12, 2009 from http://crofblogs.typepad.com.

Digitization and convergence of music industry

Digitization and convergence of music industry Traditional record industry business model Sacha Wunsch-Vincent and Graham Vickery note that the relationship between the artist and the record company is usually contractual which normally last for a limited period of time or number of records depending on the specification of the contract.1 Record companies converts the artistic creation into consumer products alongside investing in artists to expand and market their works.2 Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Digitization and convergence of music industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A record industry can be said to be doing extremely good if one in ten of the total artist investment in turn out profitable. Noteworthy, most artist often never sell enough to recover the incurred overall cost. Record companies sponsor novice artists from profits, catalogues sales and new releases. Artist must achieve a specified number of copies sold to break even. The customary re cording industry revenue is collected from recordings while the turnover from T-shirt sales, concerts and so forth, normally grow to the artist. Once a music piece has become popular, the music industry package industry in diverse bundles to sell the same consumer the same piece multiple times.1 In times of increasing revenue from sponsorship, merchandised, live touring and declining sales of CDs the industry has experience a shrinking share in the general 1Sacha Wunsch-Vincent and Graham Vickery, ‘Digital Broadband Content: Music’, Working Party on the Information Economy: Directorate for science, technology and industry committee for information, computer and communications policy, 2004, p. 39. 2Barney Wragg, Vice President, eLabs, Universal Music International (UMI) and Ms. Sara John, Government Affairs Head, EMI Music during the OECD Digital Broadband Content Panel (OECD, 2004b).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! G et your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More music revenue. With regard to declining CD sale, the negative outcome of the changing record label approach on the artist’s returns had to be revisited in terms of digital music sales also which may shift artists’ returns. 1 Digital rights management (DRM) Effective DRM technologies have been embraced as the business enablers has for the digital delivery of music as well as for the numerous business models that meet the consumers expectations. In spite of their drawbacks, they may be a significant technical device for protecting the IPRs and have potential of becoming persistent across the overall digital distribution chain. Through their capacity to secure content, they may motivate the content rightholders to avail content for digitization and ensuing digital sales. By virtue of their ability to offer diverse access schemes to content the, DRMs may afford content aids that are conform to consumer needs incl uding the right to buy time-limited admittance to songs and thereby increasing consumers choice and expectation. Many problems are associated with DRMs. To begin with the key problems with DRM’s appear to have had difficulty in curbing unauthorized access. DRM programmes and technologies should be substantially robust to guarantee the protection of digital content to piracy. Means of harnessing technology to secure intellectual property have been developed and have taken effect. 3European Commission, ‘communication on The Management of Copyright and Related Rights in the Internal Market’. To address this issue, various governments have pledge to develop a sufficient legal protection and useful legal solutions against the circumvention of technological security interventions such as DRMs. These lawful protections are prerequisite for DRMs to function as expected. 1 Second, the expanding adaption of DRM technologies has posed question that the latter may potentiall y restrict usage rights. Indeed this concern has become a policy basis presumably for consumer association and is apparent in relevant forums. Based on some academics, limits place to private copies can turn out bothersome when they swing the equilibrium between the expectations of copyright holders as well as the public.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Digitization and convergence of music industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More DRMs have seldom been known to block legitimate access of content and services, unlike the CD-Rom copy-protection technologies. Nevertheless, designers of DRM, users of DRM-protected product must be equally concerned to ensure suitable usage rights, and players in the market adapting DRM, transparency, privacy, and ease reliability of access.1 Bibliography European Commission, ‘communication on The Management of Copyright and Related Rights in the Internal Market’, 2004, pp. 11 Wragg B, John S, ‘EMI Music during the OECD Digital Broadband Content Panel’ (OECD, 2004b). Wunsch-Vincent, S Vickery G, ‘Digital Broadband Content: Music’, Working Party on the Information Economy, Directorate for science, technology and  industry committee for information, computer and communications policy, 2004, p. 39.

Business Start Up Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Start Up - Essay Example We had worked out an initial business plan with my team as a basis of our operations. Our business plan had all the important sections including finances, operations, milestone objectives and marketing covered. Practically speaking, having a business plan significantly reduces the risks and provides a proactive scope. I learnt that the initial business plan is not sufficient enough, hence my team decided to keep updating the document to take guidance from it. Hornsby & Kuratko (2009 p.111) have also identified many reasons to update a business plan which are: varying financial needs and new projections yearly, additional financing needed, managing management conflicts and to induce more reality to the plan. There already are similar companies producing customised cakes and crepes, therefore I was of the view that if we want to stand out we need a comptetitive advantage. Enterpreneurship is about new ideas and creation, and strategic planning focuses on the method to achieve above ave rage performance through a competitive advantage (Hitt, Ireland, Camp, & Sexton, 2002 p.33). Two of our team mates are passionate about the baking line of foods. Utilising their talent we have designed new cake and crepe recipes alongwith additional services and packages, as our unique selling points include customised packaging, complimentary dessert decor, small goodwill presents, greeting cards and an optional nutrition card for the health conscious customers. We have drafted updates on our business plan regarding this Enterpreneurial Strategic Management Interface (ESMI). Professionalism is a function of time and experience, but we lag in it because we are beginners in business... Professionalism is a function of time and experience, but we lag in it because we are beginners in business management. There have been incidents like the one when we landed with a huge order of deserts for a new year party. The order was huge, with promising profits and potentially loyal customers. The process to meet the order produced conflicts amongst our team members. The team member responsible for managing the operations and employees, namely preparation of the deserts and managing the chefs, felt that he was doing all of the work. The one who had negotiated the contract and maintained the liaison with the customer party felt that she deserved all the credit. That’s when I, being the leader, realized that we need teamwork orientation to wheedle out the individualism. I arranged a self-development session with my fellows and pointed out that everyone’s individual contribution in the work is unique and significant. We need to develop a sense of unity in our work ot herwise the conflicts will adversely affect the output and our produce will lack harmony. We learned that there are external agencies that exist to perpetuate small businesses. One of my fellows gave the idea to take some form of external small business assistance and consultancy service. He showed me the SBA.Gov platform on the internet that helps in finding the local resources, exploring the potentials and consultancy to achieve the organization’s goals. Our current focus is to develop and strengthen ourselves through proactive planning and introducing newer food and service packages.